NEPAL CA 2013 PR ELECTION RESULTS
FINAL PROPORTIONAL REPRSENTATION SELECTONS BY POLITICAL
PARTIES
Keith D. Leslie
Indus Institute
January 9th, 2014
FINAL PR SEAT NOMINATIONS
Nepal's PR election included 335 seats (58%) of total elected CA seats, while the FPTP election included 240 (42%) of the total elected CA seats. There are still 26 CA seats, however, that are to be nominated by the Council of Ministers based on the criteria of exceptional public service as well as including ethnic-caste communities not represented either by the FPTP or PR elections.
Although, after the 2008 CA the political parties merely shared those designated 26 seats based on their percentage of their elected CA seats and handed the CA seats to their party loyalists.
The purpose of a PR system is to provide proportionality and inclusion in the election process, particularly as a FPTP system does not necessarily produce either proportionality or inclusion of more marginalized communities. The FPTP vote, by itself, almost always creates disproportional results between the number of seats won and the number of votes received. Therefore, proportionality, is better maintained by a well-organized PR system as each party gets its share of seats proportionally. Some twenty countries use a form of the PR election.
By the
final extended deadline of 5 pm on December 30th, all 30 parties
winning PR seats submitted their PR lists to the Election Commission with the
exception of FSP-N and MJF-N. FSP and
MJF-N submitted their final lists later that week.
The EC
gave the parties three additional days to make amendments in their list of
candidates, if it was found that they did not meet the necessary quota requirements.
The three-day grace period ended on January 3rd, 2014.
Nepali Congress: The NC won 91 out of 335 PR seats (27.2% of the total PR) along with 105 FPTP constituencies (43.8% of the total FPTP seats) for a total of 196 CA seats (34.1%) of the 575 nominated to-date. Two NC leaders won from two constituencies
each, requiring a re-election in one of those constituencies at a later date.
The party had submitted a closed list with 335 names for the PR seats.
Of the NC PR nominees, only 24 of the 91 were in the 2008 CA-Parliament. Only 38 of the total 196 NC CA members were in the previous CA. (See Appendix for the full list of nominees.)
Although in 2013 the NC earned 105 FPTP CA seats with about 2.5 million votes, in the 2008 CA election, the NC won only 37 seats from its 2.3 m. votes (due to the disproportionality of the FPTP election).
Of the NC PR nominees, only 24 of the 91 were in the 2008 CA-Parliament. Only 38 of the total 196 NC CA members were in the previous CA. (See Appendix for the full list of nominees.)
Although in 2013 the NC earned 105 FPTP CA seats with about 2.5 million votes, in the 2008 CA election, the NC won only 37 seats from its 2.3 m. votes (due to the disproportionality of the FPTP election).
The NC
identified four selection criteria for PR candidates including a candidate’s contribution
to the party; ability to present the party’s ideology and policy appropriately;
ability to impact on development of the party’s organization; and regional
balance in PR candidate selection. It was reported that the senior leaders, Sushil
Koirala and Sher Bahadur Deuba, shared 60% and 40% of the PR seats,
respectively.
Although
the party said it would include leaders from the 23 districts where the party
failed to win FPTP seats while selecting PR candidates, no one was selected
from Darchula, Dolakha and Dailekh -- whereas 8 candidates from Dhanusha and 5
from Banke were chosen, respectively the home districts of CWC member
Bimalendra Nidhi and party President Koirala.
UML: The UML won 84 out of 335 PR seats (25.1% of the total PR) along with 91 FPTP seats (37.9% of the total FPTP seats) for a total of 175 CA seats (30.4%) of the 575 seats named to-date.
In 2013 the UML gained 91 FPTP seats from about 2.4 m. votes compared to 33 FPTP seats from 2.2 m. votes in 2008 (again, due to the lack of proportionality in the FPTP election results).
But this time there has been serious dissension in the party about the PR names selected. Former Speaker Subas Nembang said the leadership made a mistake by not rewarding candidates whose efforts got the party significant votes, like former student leaders Ram Kumar Jhakri, Rajendra Rai and Thakur Gaire. (See Appendix for the full list of nominees.)
In 2013 the UML gained 91 FPTP seats from about 2.4 m. votes compared to 33 FPTP seats from 2.2 m. votes in 2008 (again, due to the lack of proportionality in the FPTP election results).
But this time there has been serious dissension in the party about the PR names selected. Former Speaker Subas Nembang said the leadership made a mistake by not rewarding candidates whose efforts got the party significant votes, like former student leaders Ram Kumar Jhakri, Rajendra Rai and Thakur Gaire. (See Appendix for the full list of nominees.)
Also, in
opposition to the stated criteria of not electing two members from one family,
UML leader Amrit Kumar Bohara and his wife, Asta Laxmi Shakya,
were selected as PR members.
In Solu Khumbu, 40
members of the UML district committee tendered their resignation because
the party failed to represent the district in the CA. In Sunsari, UML ethnic
wings padlocked the party office to register their dissent against the PR list.
At the central level, cadres criticized the party for promoting groupism
and nepotism.
Also,
businesspeople, Ichchha Raj Tamang, Rajya Laxmi Golchha and Mahendra Serchan,
made the list while party faithful, Khagraj Adhikari, Jagrit Bhetwal and
Pradeep Nepal, did not.
UCPN-M: The UCPN-M won 54 PR seats (16.1% of the total PR seats) and 26 FPTP (10.8%) of the total 240 FPTP seats for a total of 80 CA seats (13.9%) of the 575 named to-date.
In 2008, the UCPN-M won 50% of the total FPTP seats with about 30% of the votes and earned a similar number under the PR segment. In total, it acquired about 38% of the total seats with 30% of the votes.
The party made its Central Committee members sign a blank paper that the party leadership later filled with the names for their PR CA membership. The UCPN-M Chairman Dahal, Baburam Bhattarai, Narayan Kaji Shrestha and Post Bahadur Bogati sought to finalize the names of 54 PR candidates (16.1% of the total PR seats) – but the final decisions were made by Chairman Dahal, according to the others. (See Appendix for the full list of nominees.)
In 2008, the UCPN-M won 50% of the total FPTP seats with about 30% of the votes and earned a similar number under the PR segment. In total, it acquired about 38% of the total seats with 30% of the votes.
The party made its Central Committee members sign a blank paper that the party leadership later filled with the names for their PR CA membership. The UCPN-M Chairman Dahal, Baburam Bhattarai, Narayan Kaji Shrestha and Post Bahadur Bogati sought to finalize the names of 54 PR candidates (16.1% of the total PR seats) – but the final decisions were made by Chairman Dahal, according to the others. (See Appendix for the full list of nominees.)
The party
authorized names on the basis of the five-point criteria, including: active in the
party, injured in the People´s War, family of disappeared and martyrs, and
priority in districts where the party won no FPTP seat. The criteria for
disqualification included: PR MPs in the past, other political appointments or other
public post, non-cooperation with the party’s FPTP candidates during the election
and less priority for districts where the party won seats under the FPTP.
However, 11 UCPN-M leaders from
Karnali, including recently elected MP Mahendra Bahadur Shahi quit the party to
express their objection to the lack of proper representation for the region in
the new CA. UCPN-M leaders chose only Durga Bahadur Raut from the Karnali region.
Other internal party criticisms of the
PR list included:
* Picking Police IGP Rabindra Pratap Shah who supported
the king during the insurgency.
* Picking Ushakiran Ansari who is ex-UML minister of
Salim Miya Ansari’s daughter.
* Picking Ashok Jaisawal, who did not support the party´s
FPTP candidate.
* Failing to give PR berths for 20 districts, including
Nawalparasi, Tehrathum and Bhojpur.
* Including more than 2 MPs from six districts, e.g. Sunsari,
Makwanpur, Morang and Siraha.
* Giving PR seats to 8 districts that had 1 FPTP
MP, including Gorkha, Rukum and Kailali.
RPP-N: The Rastriya Prajatantra Party-Nepal finalized
their 24 PR seats (7.2% of the total PR seats). The 24 names include: Bikram Bahadur Thapa, Bhaskar
Bhadra, Ram Kumar Subba, Sushil Kumar Shrestha, Shayandra Bantawa, Ms. Kunti
Kumari Shahi, Dinesh Shrestha, Dilnath Giri, Ms. Leela Devi Shrestha, Resham
Bahadur Lama, Ganga Prasad Yadav, Ms. Kamala Devi Sharma, Biraj Bista (ex-panchayat minister Keshare Bdr Bista’s
son), Babina Moktan Lawati, (ex-panchayat
minister Padma Sundar Lawoti’s daughter-in-law) Ms. Rejeshwori Devi, Dhano
Mahara, Shyam Sundar Tiwadewal, Sita Luitel (Gyawali), Shree Kanti Pasi, Kanta
Bhattarai, Raj Kumar Agrawal, Ram Dulari Chaudhary and Bhakta Bahadur
Bishwakarma (Khapangi).
RPP-N chose 3-5 women/20 men; 5 Madhesi, 4 Brahmin, 4
Chhetri, 4 Newar, 4 IPs, 1 Tharu, 1 Dalit and 1 Unknown.
MJF-D: Madhesi Janadhikar Forum-Democratic, the
fifth largest party, has 10 PR seats. The Bijay Kumar Gachchhadar-led party
selected Ms. Aasha Chaturvedi, Dr
Baburam Pokharel, Ms. Gita Rana, Dr.
Subodh Pokharel, Din Bandhu Agrawal, Ms.
Ramani Ram, Pawan Kumar Sarda, Ms. Sumitra
Tharuni, Yogendra Chaudhary, and Ms.
Kalpana Chaudhary.
Baburam Pokharel and Rana are the
chiefs of PABSON and NPABSON, private school organizations, while Din Bandhu Agrawal
and Subodh Pokharel are businessmen.
MJF-D chose 5 women/5 men; 3 Tharu, 2
Brahmin, 2 Madhesi, 2 Dalit and 1 IP.
TMLP: Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party has 7 PR
seats and selected
Dr Bijay Kumar Singh, Ekval Ahmed Shah, Ms.
Indra Jha, Ms. Mina Chaudhary, Kedar
Nandan Chaudhary, Ramesh Prasad Kurmi, and Raj Kumari Gadariya. Indra Jha is the
wife of Energy Minister Umakant Jha.
TMLP chose 2 women/5 men; 4 Madhesi,
2 Tharu and 1 Muslim.
Sadbhawana: The SP secured 5 PR seats
and will choose from: Co-Chairman Laxman Lal Karna, Nanda Singh Chaudhary, businessman
Bimal Kedia, Ms. Madhavi Rani Sah and
Ms. Sail Devi Mahato (Chairman Rajendra Mahato’s wife).
Sadbhawana chose 2 women/3 men including 4 Madhesi and 1
Tharu
CPN-ML:
The CPN-ML will send 5 PR seats to the new CA, including: CPN-ML
General Secretary CP Mainali, Aindra Sundar Nemwang, Shiva Chandra Chaudhary, Ms.
Kalasha Mahara and Ms. Kamala BK. The
party did not win any FPTP seats.
CPN-ML selected 2 women/3 men including 2 Brahmins, 1
Limbu, 1 Tharu and 1 Dalit.
FSP: The Federal Socialist Party Nepal sent
5 PR seats to the EC. The FSPN’s final list includes party Chairman
Ashok Kumar Rai, Vice-chairman DB Nepali, Radha Timilsena, Urmila Sah and
Kashiki Siddhique.
FSP selected 2 women/3 men including 1
IP, 1 Dalit, 1 Brahmin, 1 Madhesi and 1 Muslim.
TRIPLE PR SEAT PARTIES
NMSP: The Sharat
Singh Bhandari-led National Madhes Socialist Party has finalized its list of PR
candidates. The Central Committee meeting recommended Dinesh Sah, CC member
Dharmendra Sah, and advisor Nirzala Raut.
NMSP selected 1 woman/2 men including
2 Madhesis and 1 Muslim.
RJM: The Rastriya
Janamorcha will send Chairman Chitra Bahadur KC (71), Vice Chairperson Ms.
Durga Paudel (42) and Ms. Meena Pun (40) to the CA. The party garnered
92,387 votes under the PR, but no seat under the FPTP. They submitted a
list of 100 PR candidates at the EC. In the first CA, the party had 4 seats, 1
from the FPTP and 3 from the PR.
RJM selected 2 women/1 man including 1
Brahmin, 1 Chhetri and 1 Magar (IP).
DOUBLE PR SEAT PARTIES
Tharuhat Terai Party-Nepal: TTP selected
its party leaders Gopal Dahit and Ms. Ganga Tharu (Satgauwa), i.e., 1
woman/1 man including 2 Tharus.
TMSP: Mahendra Raya Yadav-led Tarai Madhes
Sadbhawana Party selected America Kumari and Narendra Kumar Sah Kalwar, i.e., 1
woman/1 man including 2 Madhesis.
Rastriya Janamukti Party: RJP submitted
the names of its 2 candidates, but its application was not accepted to begin
with since there were some “discrepancies” in the party’s application.
SINGLE PR SEAT PARTIES
1.
Akhanda Nepal Party nominated Chairman Kumar Khadka for its sole
CA seat.
2.
Federal Sadbhawana Party Chairman Anil Jha, who lost the
election from his home in Rautahat, awarded the party’s only PR seat to his
wife, Dr. Dimpal Jha, saying it was the best way to avoid any future splits in
the party (as FSP split from SP).
3.
Janajagaran Party Nepal Chairman Lok Mani Dhakal was
selected for the sole CA seat.
4.
Khumbuwan Rastriya Morcha Nepal nominated its Chairman, Ram Kumar
Rai, for its sole CA seat believing he would be effective in ending ethnic
discrimination.
5.
MJF-Republican Chairman Raj Kishore Yadav, who lost
in Siraha 6, picked his wife Sarita Yadav for the party’s solitary PR seat
explaining that he had made a huge contribution to the party. The FSP and
MPRF-R earned one PR seat each but failed to win an FPTP seat.
6.
Nepali Janta Dal nominated Chairman Hari Charan Sah as its
sole CA member under the PR category even though police have filed a case
against Sah on corruption. The party won a single seat in the 2008 CA when Sah
nominated his daughter Gayatri Sah -- but her CA membership was suspended after
she misused her diplomatic passport.
7.
Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Munch (Tharuhat) selected its chief Rukmini Chaudhary
to become a CA member a second time even though her party won only one seat.
8.
Madhes Samata Party nominated its chairman, Megh Raj Sahani, for
its sole PR berth.
9.
Nepaa Rastriya Party nominated senior leader, Laxman
Rajbhanshi, for its single seat as party Chairman Keshav Man Shakya lost the
poll from Kathmandu 9.
10.
Socialist Peoples’ Party (SPP) nominated Chairman Prem Bahadur
Singh, who served in the first CA. He said, "I played an important role in
the past CA but there is unfinished work, so I need to be there to complete
that work.” The party won one seat in
2008.
PR SEAT QUALIFICATIONS
Chairmen First:
Some of the smaller parties also nominated their chairmen or
general-secretaries for PR seats, especially parties that have only PR seat. The chairmen who will represent their parties
in the new CA include:
1.
CP Mainali CPN-ML 5
PR seats
2.
Hari Charan Sah Nepal
Janta Dal 1
PR seat
3.
Kumar Khadka Akhanda
Nepal 1
PR seat
4.
Lok Mani Dhakal Janjagaran 1
PR seat
5.
Megh Raj Sahani Madhes
Samata 1
PR seat
6.
Prem Bahadur Singh Socialist
People’s Party 1
PR seat
7.
Ram Kumar Rai Khumbuwan
Rastriya Morcha 1 PR
seat
8.
Rukmini Chaudhary Sanghiya
Loktantrik Rastriya Munch 1 PR seat
Nearest & Dearest: Some
political party chairmen and leaders nominated their wives for PR seats, a few after
losing their own FPTP elections. This
includes:
1.
Anil Jha Dr.
Dhimpal Jha Federal
Sadbhavana 1 PR seat
2.
Raj Kishore Yadav Ms.
Sarita Yadav MJF-Republican 1 PR seat
3.
Rajendra Mahato Ms.
Shail Devi Mahato Sadbhavana 3 PR seats
4.
Sher Bdr Deuba Ms.
Arzu Rana Deuba NC 91 PR seats
5.
Khum Bdr Khadka Ms.
Sheela Sharma Khadka NC 91 PR seats
Artists
& Other Strangers: Nepali film actor Bhuwan KC expressed
his dissatisfaction over the list of PR candidates submitted by the UML. KC,
who gave up the ticket to contest the CA FPTP election from Kathmandu 1, was
assured of a PR seat. KC said he would remain loyal to the party even though he
could not be inducted as a PR candidate -- owing to some ’technical’ reasons.
Women: The political parties have selected 162
women for the new CA under the PR system, i.e., 48.4% of the total PR seats. Earlier
10 women were elected through the FPTP process, i.e. 4.2% of the total FPTP
seats (95.8% were won by men). Therefore, the number of women now stands
at 172 or 29.9% of the current total of CA nominees. In comparison, 403 men (70.1%) will be in
the new CA, including 230 from the FPTP and 173 from PR seats. These
totals exclude the names for the final 26 CA seats that have not yet been
selected.
Indigenous: Nepal Federation of Indigenous
Nationalities has demanded that Janajatis be appointed to the remaining 26 CA seats.
According to NEFIN, among the 59 registered Janajati groups of Nepal, only 20 are
represented in the new CA. The new CA has 183 Janajati members (31.8% of the
current total), while there were 218 (36.3%)IPs in the first CA.
Dalits: The Dalit
leaders of different political parties initiated a United Dalit struggle to
institutionalize the achievements made by the first CA. UCPN-M Bishwo Bhakta
Duwal, CPN-M advisor Tilak Pariyar and Chairperson of the National Dalit
Commission, Sushila Shreepaili, noted that a struggle was needed to ensure the 49
Dalit CA members make a Dalit-friendly constitution. In the 2008 CA, there were
50 Dalit parliamentarians (8.13 %) but there are only 40 (6.6%) this time.
OBCs: The Bharat Prasad Mahato-led Other Backward
Class Federation has demanded seats from those the Council of Ministers will
select. Mahato said the Cabinet should induct at least five Other Backward
Classes to secure OBC’s rights. “Neither the FTPT nor PR ensured representation
of candidates who are committed to the identity of the OBCs.” Mahato said.
Disabled: The National Federation of the
Disabled-Nepal announced protests demanding representation in the CA. The
disabled community demands that four persons with disabilities should be
included in the new CA. In the previous CA, Indra Maya Gurung of the CPN-Maoist
and Raghav Bir Joshi of Nepal Communist Party (Samyukta), both
disabled, received. Unlike in the previous CA, no party
nominated a disabled persons under the PR list this time.
Most Favored Districts:
The home districts of senior NC leaders in the MW Region gained 13 CA PR
seats, including 5 from Banke, NC President Sushil Koirala´s home district. Moreover,
all five are from the same constituency where Koirala contested the November
election. In Surkhet, the NC won all
three FPTP constituencies and the party selected two PR candidates--Lal Bahadur
Ghale and Khadak Bahadur Basyal -- from the district, as well.
5 PR members from Banke, NC President Sushil
Koirala home district
5 PR members from Jhapa, UML leader Jhalanath
Khanal home district
4 PR members from Dang, NC leader Khum Bdr Khadka
home district
4 PR members from Dang, UML leaders Pokharel
and Gyawali home district
3 PR members from Bardiya & Pyuthan, UML
leader Bam Dev Gautam home districts
2 PR members from Surkhet, NC leader Purna
Bahadur Khadka home district
Single Seat Party Gender Imbalance: Three of the 10 parties that won
single seats in the election under the PR category nominated women candidates
for their CA seats. Of these, two got the opportunity as their husbands, who
are also the respective party chiefs, lost the election. The third one, Rukmini
Chaudhary, is the party chief.
Karnali: The five districts in Karnali Zone (Kalikot,
Humla, Dolpa, Mugu & Jumla) are among the poorest and most underdeveloped
areas of the country. Each district is a single constituency. Out of the total
of 5 seats under the FPTP, the NC won 2 seats, the UML 2 and UCPN-M won 1. NC
included 1 PR candidate while UML picked 2 candidates. Thus, NC will have 3 MPs
from the Karnali, while UML will have 4 and UCPN-M only 2. Karnali is the
largest zone in terms of area and occupies 15% of the country.
Kanchanpur: 11 people will represent Kanchanpur in
the new CA, including 10 Brahmin/Chhetri, 3 women and 1 IP. The NC will send 6
MPs while the UML, UCPN-M, RPP, CPN (ML), and CPN-United 1 each. The NC
recommended Tarani Dutta Chataut and Baldev Bohara under the PR and NP Saud,
Ramesh Lekhak, Bahadur Thapa, and Diban Singh under the FPTP. Kripa Rana of
UML, Durga Khanal of the UCPN-M, Anandi Panta of RPP, Kalasha Mahara of the CPN
(ML), and Jaya Dev Joshi of the CPN-United have been selected. No party selected
a Dalit from the district.
CA RULES & REGULATIONS:
The political parties are seeking to reach
an understanding to own the decisions taken by the previous CA Thematic
Committees, the full CA and/or the CA Dispute Resolution Subcommittee.
The new CA will have fewer tasks if the
parties accept the decisions taken by the earlier CA Dispute Resolution
Subcommittee headed by UCPN-M Dahal that included Sher Bahadur Deuba, Ram
Chandra Paudel, Jhalanath Khanal, Madhav Kumar Nepal and Bijay Kumar Gachchhadar.
The Subcommittee reduced 200 contentious issues to 14. However, the CA was
dissolved in May 2012 before these decisions were endorsed by the CA
Constitutional Committee.
Mukunda Sharma, CA secretariat Spokesman,
said the process of owning the earlier decisions is unclear because the new CA
regulations and Thematic Committees will be finalized later. The RPP-N, which
opposes decisions made by the first CA on secularism, a republic and a federal state,
insists on the CA starting anew because the new House is sovereign in its own
right.
CA Calendar: GoN officials say finalizing new CA
regulations and formation of Thematic Committees may take months. Between 2008-12
the political parties revised the CA calendar over a dozen times
while the original two-year tenure of the CA was extended to four years. In 2008, it took 6 months to elect the
CA Chairman, finalize the regulations and form the Thematic Committees. The
first CA poll was held on April 10, 2008 while the first CA was convened on May
27, 2008 -- six weeks after the CA election.
POLITICAL PARTY CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES:
NC: The NC
Parliamentary Board (PB) discussed whether to include the industrialist-
businessmen who supported the party financially. Despite pressure from
some of the leaders, the PB denied seats to five major party ‘donors’,
including: Tilak Ranabhat, Khuma Prasad Aryal, Mahesh Jaju, Shashi Kant
Agrawal and Dibyamani Rajbhandari.
UML: UML leaders have been criticized for
selecting business elites like Rajya Laxmi Golchha and Ichharaj Tamang, but
failing to include student-youth leaders who also represent ethnic and
indigenous communities. Party members claim Golchha and Tamang were given PR
seats as they offered huge sums of money during the election.
Ilam: Dilendra Nemwang, who received 90 votes in
Ilam 3 constituency, says he spent 963,000=/ during the election campaign and
submitted his expenditure detail to the District Election Office. Whereas UML Chairman Jhala Nath Khanal who
won from Ilam says he spent only 915,000=/ in his winning campaign. Local human
rights activists, however, believe the major parties are deceiving the public
and submit much less than what they actually spent.
Kapilvastu 4: Jaya
Ballav Bhattarai contested the CA election as an independent from
Kapilvastu-4. As per the legal provision, he submitted his expenditures to the EC and reported he
spent Rs. 547,300. Divided by the total number of votes he gained, each vote
cost him nearly Rs 80,000 -- as he got only seven votes. Another
independent candidate, Shiba Pujan Kurmi, from the same constituency got 17
votes and stated that he spent Rs 547,000.
Parsa: 17 candidates
submitted election expenditure at the District Election Office as per the
provision requiring candidates to submit their expenditure details within 35
days after the vote counting. According to the DEO, however, only two of
the five candidates elected to the CA have submitted their expenditure
details. These include Raj Kumar Gupta and Jay Prakash Tharu, both of the UML from
Constituency 3 and 5. Gupta spent Rs. 853,000 while Tharu
spent Rs. 675,000.
As per the EC, a
candidate may have spent not more than Rs 1 million rupees in the election.
POLITICAL PARTY NEWS:
HLPC: The
leaders of the major political parties, once again, expressed
their commitment in their latest four-point deal to prepare a draft new
constitution in the next six months and promulgating the new constitution
within a year.
UCPN-M: Chairman
Dahal promised to submit a plan to restructure the party’s organization and
control malpractices. A weak organizational structure and extravagant lifestyle
of leaders and cadres were said to be the main reason behind the party’s defeat.
Its structure at the grassroots has to be renewed to prepare for the next
general convention to elect all party representatives. In July 2009, the party
constituted a commission to unearth the undisclosed sources of luxurious lives
of some leaders and cadres, but there has not been any report yet.
CPN-M: In a
preparatory move to launch the ‘people’s revolt’, the CPN-Maoist formed a
‘Unified People’s Committee’ (UPC) and revived organizational structures active
during the ‘people’s war’. These UPC will work in parallel to local bodies,
comprised sister wings of the party. In 2001, the then CPN-Maoist party had
formed a similar structure called the Revolutionary People’s Council. Chairman
Mohan Baidya said that only a people's revolution could bring transformation in
society, so the CA must be dissolved to pave the way for a people's revolution.
UML: UML´s 84 candidates nominated as CA PR members
has raised dissatisfaction among the party. Members expressed their anger for
not selecting deserving candidates and promoting some new faces. Social media
was filled with criticism for eliminating popular student wing leaders such as Rajendra
Rai, Ram Kumari Jhankri and Thakur Gaire, who fought against king Gyanendra and
led the 2006 people´s movement to establish a republic.
RPP-N/NRPP: 20 RPP-N
Central Committee members temporarily left the party to form the Nepali
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (NRPP), led by RPP-N central committee member, Tanka
Dhakal, ex-minister during the royal regime. According to EC rules, at least
40% CC members can split a party. The new party demanded PR seats in
proportion to the split and said they were compelled to after PR names did not
change despite frequent requests. “We were erroneous in splitting the
party without properly discussing the matters among ourselves,” said Dhakal.
However, according to the EC, a party may not split until the election results
are finalized.
MJF-D: Madhesi
Janadhikar Forum Loktantrik leader Rameshwor Raya Yadav warned that party
Chairman Bijaya Kumar Gachhadhar would be removed from the post if he did not
change the name list of the PR candidates submitted to the EC. “We will not set
up another party. We have given ultimatum to the party chairman Bijaya Kumar
Gachhadhar. We will change the party Chairman if he does not change both his
attitude as well as the name list,” he said.
FSPN: The
Federal Socialist Party Nepal said that a major reason behind the party´s poor
poll performance was due to lack of hard work by party leaders and workers. Central Committee members suggested the
leaders work focus on the grassroots level. Participants blamed the lack of
coordination, lack of internal management, party top brass not contesting for
FPTP seats and weak finances for the electoral loss. Neither Chairman Ashok Rai
nor General Secretary Rajendra Shrestha contested FPTP seats in the elections.
Madhesi Parties: Three Madhesi parties -- MJF-Nepal (Upendra
Yadav), TMDP (Mahantha Thakur) and Sadbhavana (Rajendra Mahato) -- have agreed to
create a unified Madhesi force. However, Madhes parties in the past have had
splits within splits, one reason for their defeat in the election. Issues of
leadership modalities, name of the unified party, its manifesto, policies and
structure have not been discussed. But,
if MJF-N, TMDP and SP unite, they would have 26 CA seats which would make them
the 4th largest party in the CA -- two more than RPP-Nepal.
The MJF-Democratic, the largest of
the Madhesi parties in terms of CA members, is not involved in these unity
talks yet.
NMSP: Dissident leaders of the Sharat Singh
Bhandari-led National Madhes Socialist Party (NMSP) accused the party of
providing a PR seat to a US Green Card holder, Nirjala Raut. They said the PR list was not finalized in the
Central Committee. Legal experts said it would be illegal to provide CA berth
to a US Green Card holder. But Raut said, "I am a Nepali citizen; I have
always been a Nepali citizen. I always held a Nepali passport." Chief EC Nil
Kantha Upreti said that the EC cannot invalidate a candidate who holds a Nepali
citizenship card and has his/her name in the new electoral rolls with
photographs and biometrics. He stated
that the issue of holding double citizenship invokes the concerned laws and should
be decided by the CA court.
NEFIN: Chairman of
the Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities, Nagendra Kumar
Kumal, said issues raised by NEFIN were wrongly publicized.
Kumal said they raised the issue of ethnic identity but not of ethnic
states. Kumal said the state was indifferent towards the issues of
indigenous nationalities and even though the GoN signed ILO
Convention 169 it was not implemented. He said that multiple identity-based
federal states were needed and argued that federating the country on the basis
of multiple identities would not result in its disintegration.
CONSTITUTIONAL
ISSUES
President or PM? The incumbent government shelved an
ordinance to clear the way for the President to call the first meeting of
the CA. The Cabinet only forwarded the ordinance to clear the hurdle
in chairing the first sitting of the CA, but not the second ordinance proposed
transferring the constitutional right to call the first CA meeting from
the PM to the President.
The President’s
Office and the NC believe that only the President should be allowed to
call the first CA meeting. The Cabinet decision is likely to
create problems between the head of state and the government. Though the
IC states that the oldest CA member will chair the house until its chairman is
elected, it is not clear how the oldest member takes the oath.
The ordinance
passed by the Cabinet removes the legal question by stating the oldest CA
member will take the oath from the President before chairing the House. The
same CA member will also administer the oath to all the 601 CA members.
According to the
GoN, the constitution states that the PM will call the first sitting of
the CA which is a right currently enjoyed by Interim Election Government
Chairman Khil Raj Regmi. Therefore, they believe there is no need to amend
the IC through the removal of constitutional difficulties. The President’s
Office believes that due the “lapse” in the constitution, citing
international practices and protocol, the President should call the CA meeting.
The recently revived High-level Political Committee discussed the issue. The case, however, has now gone to the
Supreme Court which should rule by January 13th in order for the CA
to open by January 24th (21 days after the official EC announcement
of the CA election winners).
Eldest CA Member: The GoN approved an ordinance
amending the CA Election Act stating a provision that the senior-most CA member
after taking oath of office and secrecy from the President will swear in all
the other CA members until it elects its chair. The Council of Ministers
endorsed the draft of the ordinance and presented it to the President for his
approval as per Clause 80 of the Interim Constitution. Ex-prime minister, Surya
Bahadur Thapa, 86, of the RPP is the senior-most member on the PR list.
Elderly FPTP
winners include:
• Surya
Bahadur Thapa, 86 RPP
·
Mahendra Ray Yadav, 76 Tarai Madhes Sadbhawana Party
• Sushil
Koirala, 74 Nepali
Congress
• Radhechandra
Yadav, 73 Nepali Congress
• Narayan
Man Bijukchhe, 73 Nepal Workers and
Peasants Party
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
POLITICAL LEADERS:
Agni Kharel UML CA Member &
Lawyer
Bishwo Bhakta Duwal UCPN-M Dalit leader
Hridayesh Tripathy TMLP Vice-chairman
Kamleshwor Yadav MJF-D
Chairman,
Student Wing
Khimlal Devkota UCPN-M CA
Member & Lawyer
Mukunda Sharma CA Secretariat Spokesman
Narayan Man Bijukchhe Nepal Workers
Peasants Party Chairman
Nasir Siddiqui MPRF-D Vice-Chairman
Ms. Pampha Bhushal CPN-Maoist Spokesperson
Pradip Gyawali CPN-UML Publicity
Department chief
Dr. Ram Sharan Mahat NC CWC member & former Finance Minister
Ram Sahay Yadav MPRF-N General-Secretary
Rameshwar Ray Yadav MPRF-D Vice-chairman
Sarvendra Nath Shukla TMLP Spokesperson
Sushila Shreepaili National Dalit Commission Chairperson
Tilak Pariyar CPN-M Advisor
Sushila Shreepaili National Dalit Commission Chairperson
Kaviraj Timalsina Nepali Janta Dal Party
Vice-chairman
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Anita Devkota Brahmin Female
2. Chandra Devi Joshi Brahmin Female
3. Ishwari Neupane Brahmin Female?
4. Kamala Panta Brahmin Female
5. Laxmi Devi Bhandari Brahmin Female
6. Leela Koirala Brahmin Female
7. Mahalaxmi Upadhyay (Dina) Brahmin Female
8. Sarita Prasain Brahmin Female
9. Sujata Koirala Brahmin Female GPK’s daughter
10. Tarini Dutta Chataut Brahmin Female
11. Dhruva Wagle Brahmin Male
12. Man Mohan Bhattarai Brahmin Male
13. Ananda Prasad Dhungana Brahmin Male
14. Badri Prasad Pandey Brahmin Male
15. Minendra Prasad Rijal Brahmin Male
16. Prakash Sharan Mahat Brahmin Male
17. Ram Chandra Pokharel Brahmin Male
18. Ashok Koirala Brahmin Male
19. Ganesh Prasad Bimali Brahmin Male
20. Dipshikha Sharma Dhakal Brahmin Male
21. Sheela Sharma Khadka Chhetri Female
22. Ambika Basnet Chhetri Female
23. Arzu Rana Deuba Chhetri Female SBD’s wife
24. Rita Shahi Chhetri Female
25. Bal Dev Bohora Chhetri Male
26. Bharat Bahadur Khadka Chhetri Male
27. Gyanendra Bahadur Karki Chhetri Male
28. Jagadishwar Narasingh KC Chhetri Male
29. Khadga Bahadur Basyal Chhetri Male
30. Madhu Shahi Thakuri Chhetri Male
31. Kalpana Sob Dalit Female
32. Asha BK Dalit Female
33. Bishnu Maya Pariyar Dalit Female
34. Sangeeta Mandal (Dhanuk) Dalit Female
35. Sujata Pariyar Dalit Female
36. Man Bahadur Bishwakarma Dalit Male
37. Meen Bahadur Bishwakarma Dalit Male
38. Jiwan Pariyar Dalit Male
39. Mainku Lal Balmiki Dalit Male
40. Narbhan Kami Dalit Male
41. Kumari Laxmi Rai IP
(Rai) Female
42. Usha Gurung IP
(Gurung) Female
43. Pushpa Lata Lama IP
(Tamang) Female
44. Binda Devi Ale (Rana) IP
(Magar) Female
45. Mahendra Kumari Limbu IP (Limbu) Female
46. Ratna Sherchan IP (Thakali) Female
47. Sita Gurung IP (Gurung) Female
48. Amrit Lal Rajbanshi IP
(Rajbansi)? Male
49. Dhan Raj Gurung IP
(Gurung) Male
50. Amar Singh Pun IP (Magar) Male
51. Dil Bahadur Gharti IP
(Magar) Mal
52. Dilman Pakhrin IP (Tamang) Male
53. Jhul Bahadur Ale IP
(Magar) Male
54. Kul Bahadur Gurung IP
(Gurung) Male
55. Lal Bahadur Ghale IP
(Gurung) Male
56. Mohan Kumar Rai IP
(Rai) Male
57. Narendra Bikram Nembang IP (Limbu) Male
58. Surya Man Gurung IP
(Gurung) Male
59. Bhotani Devi Khawas Madhesi Female
60. Chitra Lekha Yadav Madhesi Female
ex-Deputy Speaker
61. Kabita Kumari Sardar Madhesi Female
62. Minaxi Jha Madhesi Female?
63. Mukta Kumari Yadav Madhesi Female
64. Rashmi Thakuar Madhesi Female
65. Pramila Devi Das Madhesi Female
66. Amiya Kumar Yadav Madhesi Male
67. Badshah Kurmi Madhesi Male
68. Haresh Prasad Mahato Madhesi Male
69. Kaushar Shah Madhesi? Male
70. Lal Babu Singh Bhuihar Madhesi? Male
71. Mahendra Yadav Madhesi Male
72. Ranjit Karna Madhesi Male
73. Abdul Hamid Siddhiqi Muslim Male
74. Mohammad Mokhtar Ahmad Muslim Male
75. Sarwat Aara Khatun Halwai Muslim Male
76. Mithu Malla Newar Female
77. Rajya Laxmi Shrestha Newar Female
78. Anjani Shrestha Newar Female
79. Om Devi Malla Joshi Newar Female
80. Saraswati Bajimaya Newar Female
81. Chin Kaji Shrestha Newar
Male ex-Gorkha MP
82. Gopal Man Shrestha Newar Male
83. Manohar Narayan Shrestha Newar Male
84. Sabitri Devi Chaudhary Tharu Female
85. Shanti Devi Chaudhary Tharu Female
86. Dilli Bahadur Chaudhary Tharu Male NGO President
87. Buddhi Sagar Chaudhary Tharu Male
88. Pradip Giri Other Male NC Leader
89. Anjana Tamli ??? Female
90. Suwarna Jwarchan ??? Female?
91. Pyare Lal Rana ?
(Chhetri or Magar) Male
UML 84 PR NOMINEES – 84 Names
1. Bidhya Bhandari Brahmin Female UML Leader
2. Gauri Oli Brahmin Female
3. Gaura Prasain Brahmin Female
4. Kalpana Chapagain Brahmin Female
5. Kamala Subedi Brahmin Female
6. Sushila Nepal Brahmin Female
7. Bharat Mohan Adhikari Brahmin Male
ex-Finance Minister
8. Yubraj Gyawali Brahmin Male
9. Jeevan Ghimire Brahmin Male
10. Kashinath Adhikari Brahmin Male
11. Keshav Badal ??? Male
12. Pashupati Chaulagain Brahmin Male
13. Bhanubhakta Dhakal Brahmin Male
14. Bhisma Nath Adhikari Brahmin Male
15. Kedar Prasad Sanjel Brahmin Male
16. Man Kumar Gautam Brahmin Male
17. Nirmal Prakash Subedi Brahmin Male
18. Reeta Rawal Chhetri Female?
19. Lila Rana Chhetri? Female
20. Sindhu Jalesa Budhathoki Chhetri Female?
21. Tuka Hamal Chhetri Female?
22. Tularaj Bista Chhetri Female
23. Amrit Kumar Bohara Chhetri Male UML Leader
24. Bal Bahadur Mahat Chhetri Male
25. Basundhara Rokaya Chhetri Male
26. Dhan Bahadur Rayamajhi Chhetri Male
27. Gyan Bahadur Bhujel Chhetri Male
28. Gyanu Devi Gaire Dalit Female
29. Sharada Swarnakar Dalit Female
30. Shiva Kumari Gotame Sarki Dalit Female
31. Bhagwat Nepali Dalit Male
32. Jit Bahadur Darji Gautam Dalit? Male
33. Ram Awatar Paswan Dalit Male
34. Satya Narayan Mandal Dalit Male
35. Teku Nepali Dalit Male
36. Madhu Gurung IP
(Gurung) Female
37. Ranjana Majhi IP
(Majhi) Female
38. Dilshova Pun IP (Magar) Female
39. Nar Devi Pun IP (Magar) Female
40. Jayanti Rai IP (Rai) Female
41. Tara Rai IP
(Rai) Female
42. Shree Maya Thakali IP (Thakali) Female
43. Gokum Gharti IP
(Gharti) Male
44. Ganesh Man Gurung IP (Gurung) Male
ex-Chair University Grants
45. Tul Bahadur Gurung IP (Gurung) Male
46. Mahin Limbu IP (Limbu) Male
47. Kriparam Rana IP
(Magar) Male
48. Nar Bahadur Thapa IP (Magar) Male
49. Harkabol Rai IP (Rai) Male
50. Tschewang Tenjen Lama IP (Tamang) Male
51. Ichchha Raj Tamang IP (Tamang) Male Businessman
52. Pemba Lama IP (Tamang) Male
53. Hari Rajbanshi IP
(Terai) Male
54. Mahendra Sherchan IP (Thakali) Male
55.
Aasha Yadav
Madhesi Female
56. Ambika Khawas Madhesi Female
57. Dulari Devi Madhesi Female
58. Garima Shah Madhesi Female
59. Shanta Manavi Madhesi? Female
60. Sheetal Jha Madhesi Female
61. Ranju Jha Thakur Madhesi Female
62. Ranjana Sarkar Madhesi Female
63. Kamala Devi Mahato Madhesi Female
64. Mina Devi Yadav Madhesi Female
65. Rajya Laxmi Golchha Madhesi Female Businesswoman
66. Banshidhar Mishra Madhesi Male
67. Dharma Nath Sah Madhesi Male
68. Ramchandra Teli Sah Madhesi Male
69. Saniya Prabin Ansari Muslim Male
70. Junaid Ansari Muslim Male
71. Aasta Laxmi Shakya Newar Female
Wife UML Leader
72. Shakuntala Rajbhandari Newar Female
73. Binod Shrestha Newar Male
74. Ganga Lal Tuladhar Newar Male
75. Siddhi Lal Singh Newar? Male
76. Prava Bajracharya Newar Female
77. Mamata Giri Other Female
78. Choodamani Jangali ??? Male
79. Afilal Ukheda ??? Male
80. Aditya Narayan Kasodhan ??? Male
81. Anar Kali Minya ??? Male
82. Ravani Chaudhary Tharu Female
83. Bishram Chaudhary Tharu Male
84. Nagendra Chaudhary Tharu Male
UCPN (Maoist) PR list – 54 Names
1.
Asha Koirala Brahmin Female
2.
Bhesh Kumari Raut (Bhattarai) Brahmin Female
3.
Lalita Kumari Regmi Brahmin Female
4.
Rekha Sharma Brahmin Female
5.
Tej Kumari Paudel Brahmin Female
6.
Dhaniram Paudel Brahmin Male
7.
Dor Prasad Upadhyay Brahmin Male
8.
Harilal Gyawali Brahmin Male
9.
Krishna Dhital Brahmin Male
10.
Bhakti Prasad Pandey Brahmin Male
11.
Dhan Pahari Brahmin Male
12.
Shree Prasad Jawegu Brahmin Male
13.
Goma Kuwar Chhetri Female
14.
Janaki Kumari Saud Rawal Chhetri Female
15.
Nisha Kumari Shah Chhetri? Female
16.
Shreejana Khattri Chhetri Female
17.
Pratikchya Tiwari Mukhiya Chhetri? Male
18.
Rabindra Pratap Shah Chhetri Male ex-IG Police
19.
Surendra Kumar Karki Chhetri Male
20.
Anita Kumari Pariyar Dalit Female
21.
Dulari Harijan Dalit Female
22.
Dhan Maya BK Khanal Dalit Female
23.
Sita Nepali Dalit Female
24.
Daljit BK Shripaili Dalit Male
25.
Karna Bahadur BK Dalit Male
26.
Lalendra Kumar Mandal Dalit Male
27.
Sambhu Paswan Hajari Dalit Male
28.
Tulasa Rana IP
(Magar)? Female
29. Punaram Thapa IP
(Magar)? Female
30.
Radhika Tamang IP
(Tamang) Female
31.
Kamala Dong IP
(Tamang) Female
32.
Keshari Gharti Magar IP
(Magar) Female
33.
Dil Maya Dhami IP
(Dhami) Female
34.
Lal Bahadur Gurung IP
(Gurung) Male
35.
Ongdi Sherpa IP
(Sherpa) Male
36.
Surya Prakas Bala Rai IP
(Rai) Male
37.
Santa Kumar Darai IP
(Darai) Male
38.
Yogendra Ghising IP
(Tamang) Male
39.
Phuljhari Devi Madhesi Female
40.
Soniya Yadav Madhesi Female
41.
Aman Lal Modi Madhesi Male
42.
Ram Singh Yadav Madhesi Male
43.
Surendra Prasad Jaisawal Madhesi Male
44.
Usha Kiran Ansari Muslim? Male
45.
Mohammad Jakir Hussain Muslim Male
46.
Gopal Giri Other Male
47.
Durga Khuna ??? Female
48.
Ajay Shankar Nayak ??? Male
49.
Mohan Tudu ??? Male
50.
Ram Narayan Bidari ??? Male
51.
Bed Maya Bhandari (Shakya) Newar Female
52.
Rupa Maharjan Shrestha Newar Female
53.
Juth Bahadur Tuhure Khadgi Newar Male
54. Anjana Chaudhary Tharu Female
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