Wednesday, February 17, 2010
Valentine's Day 2010
Tuesday, February 2, 2010
Shakun on "Agradhikar" or 'Restorative Justice' in Nepal
The Adivasi Janajatis are evaluating through dialogue and expressing by story-telling their experiences of discrimination, marginalisation and exploitation and how they can be partners in the state building process as equal citizens. They reminisce about the sequential and structural discrimination of Adivasi Janajatis, Dalits and other marginalised groups demanding social, political, economic and educational opportunities. Such rights as these marginalised identities have been demanding are specified in the declaration of UNDRIP, ILO Convention 169, CERD and CBD Convention 1992.
Exclusion and humiliation
Some may like to believe that agradhikar interpreted as ‘extra-preferential rights’ demanded by the Adivasi Janajatis will lead to ‘reverse discrimination’ and thereby attends to the fear of Brahminbadis. The Adivasi Janajatis, Dalits, Madhesis and other marginalised groups find the relevance of their demand for restorative justice in the same way that Indian constitutionalist Dr. Ambedkar was for applying necessary unequal rights to bring society to a conclusive equilibrium. Preferential rights are not bonus rights but justified and reasonable compensations to right the historical wrongs perpetuated through defining and classifying of the citizenry according to a dominant caste’s prerogative.
As Galileo was right to question the church and the state which held that the earth was flat, the Adivasi Janajatis have a right to question their enforced inclusion as discriminatory and unjustified.
Conquest and subjugation
The origin of Nepali state nationalism is the enforced aggregation of Brahmin discipline and methodology. Before the conquest of the 22 and 24 fiefdoms and principalities, Prithvi Narayan Shah was a warrior king of the Gorkha, whose divinity was protected by his Magar priests. But he sanctified Brahmins as the priests who could dictate his spiritual life and anesthetise him about the plight of his people and place. From 1768, the Brahmins who had been vested with priesthood fast levitated to advisors, gathered momentum as administrators and established their rule under the garb of kingship and democracy. Their monopoly to translate the Hindu religious texts helped them establish their hegemony over the king and citizens. They gave technical accounts in ornamental language and established authority by exposing themselves to hypothetical peer review and judgment. This was all new to the Adivasi Janajatis, for whom identity was equivalent to oxygen to keep an individual in a community spiritually active.
The principle of unification had been conquest (adhikaran) through brute force (in 1768), followed by manipulation of a series of subjugating laws codified supposedly to build a nation-state. The nationalities of the territories did not come together as the EU or Indian states built on consensus. The Nepali nation-state was a borrowed knowledge of British colonialism with unfettered access to laws, implementation and resources. If the Newars were conquered by brute force during Indra Jatra, Limbuwan was subjugated by manipulation as they enjoyed the kipat system (autonomous land) of land holding till King Mahendra’s regime.
Deciphering language
In the anatomy of language, the literal expression always identifies conventional explanations that have limited factual basis and confirm the pre-established set of rules. It denies a new basis of establishing cause and effect. Hazoor, a Mughal derivative of poetic eloquence, when applied in Nepali caste-ism, becomes a crude expression of extracting respect through domination. Thus language might literally mean one thing, but taken in a different context, it can completely lose its original meaning. Agradhikar for the Adivasi Janajatis means pro-original rights for the protection of their culture, territory and natural resources. It is also their right to sustainable development, which at the present, is being denied by the centralised state.
We do not see the current struggles as a failure of nationalism, but as a sign of ethnic groups reasserting themselves in the national context. When the Muslims in Britain who make up 13 percent of the population want their representation guaranteed in the British Parliament, they are not demanding for a Muslim Britain. Likewise, if it was J.F. Kennedy who had given the “I have a dream” speech instead of M.L. King, it would not have morphed the black issue into a civil rights movement which today has established President Obama as the rightful president of the US by the Dedilomeni Principle. Thus it is important that the media, while airing the views on social inclusion and inclusive democracy by the Brahmins, also give the same space to Janajatis. But that is not the case.
Brahmin leaders like Girija Prasad Koirala, Madhav Kumar Nepal and Pushpa Kamal Dahal thus talk about solutions to the Janajati issues, not because they would like to solve them, but because they want to misuse them for their vested interests, much like how they settled on the double ballot system to confuse the uneducated majority.
Constitutional conclusion
If Nepali Congress, the CPN-UML and the UCPN (Maoist) deny people the right to self-determination, impose ethnicity-based federalism by cunning and refuse to activate fully proportional representation at all levels of Nepali public life, it is likely to derail the peace process. Why are the Brahmin legislators and those executing governance resisting equitable sharing? Are the marginalised identities any less capable?
To look at the Adivasi Janajati issues with facts and figures and in relationship to all the castes is to bring balance to the national polity. No leader ever invested in the nationalism of Nepal. All past leaders concentrated more on gathering power rather than on empowering the people. We sang Shri Man Gambhira Nepali till our throats were sore, and see where we are today. Can’t we even recognise our own failings?
Establishing democracy in Nepal is liberating Nepalis from the physical conquest of one-caste rule (akikaran) and psychological subjugation (adhikaran) of the laws of Manu. If those who draft the constitution once again fail to understand that Nepal constitutes the sum total of its castes and ethnic groups and there is plenty of space for national consolidation, we will end up with sand in our mouths.
To be able to discuss matters of such deep consequences, which have a direct bearing on our history and nationalism with sincerity, respect and concern is to appreciate the concerns of all people. Without aggregating the political, social, educational, cultural and economic pro-original rights of all the marginalised communities in the drafting of the constitution, the territorial expression of identities will only intensify.
Heralding Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal poses harsh challenges in terms of legislating as well as executing decisions. Restructuring the federal state and system cannot alone empower the Adivasi Janajatis, Dalits and other marginalised communities and boost the nation-building process. For that, it is imperative to address the provisions of agradhikar in the new constitution.
Thursday, January 14, 2010
Ezra on Globalization and His Generation

In a classroom an American-Nepali student, born in Bangkok raised in Kathmandu, discusses legislation recently passed in Pakistan with an Egyptian friend when the bell rings. The student packs his bag, made by a Korean company, turns on his music player, manufactured in China, assembled in California, and begins to rock to a Japanese song, Sakura Sake. Suddenly, his phone informs him he has received an email from his friend in Copenhagen, sent via a server in Singapore, discussing the recent climate change treaty talks, where 180 nations were present -- all of this happening in rural Massachusetts.
The reoccurring theme: a phenomenon known as “globalization”.
Globalization is seen by many as the last piece of a puzzle to unite a fast shrinking world. An idea so brilliant that by its power alone the evils of the world will be packaged in a box labeled “To Mao, with love” then recycled by China into high quality polyethylene, and sold back to the West for large amounts of cash under the global pseudonym, ‘the iPhone.’
All lies (well, mostly). Globalization is an entirely neutral force, if you can even call it a ‘force.’ A ‘reaction’ would be much more fitting as globalization has no ‘energy’ of its own. Rather, it is the culmination of developments in technology and cultural integration that have established an all-encompassing network that, as a commercial, consequence, created globalization.
Presently, the world looks like mismatched puzzle pieces jammed tightly together in ways that never should have been. My own personal heritage is a testament to this complicated global puzzle -- but my identity is the least of an increasingly dysfunctional world’s problems. The lack of cooperation among nations is, however.
The world’s expanding population, the misuse of migrant labor, the lack of affordable health care, and unsustainable economics threaten the fragile balance of the world. Plus, we face the depletion of water, energy, and food supplies -- the world’s essential resources. The time for the nations to forgo their selfish inhibitions has come; the stakes are too high to continue playing this global Russian roulette.
The model of international cooperation, or lack thereof, being used today is an outdated remnant of a post-imperialist world. Efforts to create a more united and peaceful planet through international organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Bank, have not met the demands of the more global twenty-first century – witness the recent failure of the Copenhagen conference.
Therefore, at the start of this new century, it is critical that the next generation of youthful global citizens study deeply political science, history, literature, religion and economics to initiate the democratic reform that is required.
At the moment though, the ideas of my generation, myself included, are too raw to take up the mantle of the future -- but in time, with the right ethic, attitude, compassion, and guidance, I truly believe, we can provide fresh light to our increasingly interconnected global village, all the way to Kathmandu.
Terras Irradient
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
Ezra Summarizes His Life and World
Life has taught me everyone is a product of his or her own experiences. After two years in America, I have realized that I draw from a well of perspective vastly different from my friends who have grown up here.
For sixteen years, I lived in Kathmandu, Nepal, son of an American human rights worker and a Nepaii designer/political activist. Yet, living in the States now, it’s hard to imagine a more stark contrast than the ‘average’ American with a $47,000 GDP per capita and a village Nepali often living on less than $100/month.
When the movie Slumdog Millionaire came out last year, friends came to me and expressed their shock at the state of poverty in South Asia. It reminded me, once again, of our remarkably different backgrounds. For them, life never entailed walking to their mother’s boutique side-by-side with ragged kids their age whose hands were always tugging my shirt and stretched out begging for money. That simply wasn’t their reality.
But it was mine.
At times it is this disparity in life experience, more than the disparity in wealth that is so difficult for me to grasp. Yet, the best advice I gained from the Hindu-Buddhist world was that patience, compassion, and understanding are more powerful ideas than most forms of judgment when observing either side of the world.
I remember the day last year, my first year in the States, when I walked into the dining hall prepared for a wonderful array of delectable, abundant American food. Unfortunately, moments later, a full-out food fight descended. For the first time at NMH, and hopefully the last, I felt genuinely angry. Slowly though, my anger subsided into reflective melancholy.
While sitting on the steps of the dining hall, I saw an image of the child outside my mother’s boutique in Kathmandu begging for any form of sustenance.
Then, just as quickly as it had begun, the food fight ended, and six hundred kids came streaming out of the dining hall some seemingly shocked, some thrilled, and some oddly sadistic -- but most simply gone, while I returned to help, in the only way I could, with the clean-up.
Another day on a high school campus in America, a bad experience, but ‘thus is life.’ One of the greatest lessons I’ve learned from that day, and my seventeen years is that inevitably good and bad happen.
However, we are capable of being conscious, self-aware human beings, and therein lies our greatest power -- no matter what we experience -- we have the power to transcend good and bad. We have an amazing penchant for learning, growing, and helping each other, and using those skills we can create meaningful life lessons.
Without a doubt life itself has been my greatest source of education and influence. The power of life has inspired me to my greatest achievements and my proudest moments. Observing others' seemingly thoughtless actions has influenced me to care deeply about the world and people around me. Life has filled me with a keen desire to affect change in myself and those around me; it has given me the power to be a pillar of strength for my friends when they’ve felt like falling, and a light for my family when they felt lost.
Having said that, it has also humbled me to my most awestruck moments and broken me to my most vulnerable self. It had me on my knees in crestfallen disappointment after we lost our semifinal New England soccer game, and had me rolled up sobbing after my grandfather passed away.
Life in all its grandeur and pain is without a doubt the single most powerful intellectual experience I have ever known. It is powerful though, not because I understand life, but because I don’t understand life.
Ezra Man Leslie
December 2009
Monday, December 21, 2009
Nothing is ever straightforward in life...
Sunday, December 20, 2009
A FB Recherche with Housemates of 30+ Years Time Past
Ahh, Mother India... the unknown, the ancient monuments, the simple poverty, the luxurious colors, the vast religious landscape, the cruel poverty, the magnificent Himalaya, simple vegetarian meals, the masses, the seekers, Ganesh and Hanuman, Bodh Gaya and Ajanta.
For 20+ years I was the Nepal, then Asia, then Himalayan director for Save the Children. Then for 1.5 years the Sr. Advisor in the National Human Rights Commission. Now team leader for the Civil Society component of the UNDP Constitution building project.
What is visible and what is not seen? Good question! I departed the States b/c I couldn't believe what Walter Cronkite told me was out there. Not that he meant ill, he just could only perceive from Manhattan and news clips. I vanted ze whole enchilada. I vanted to get outside the world I knew, our Judeo-Xian universe (as Jung did...) and sit in silence across centuries, if not millennia. A wise person can do it sitting lotus legged in their apartment. I wasn't that wise. I needed space and time to create that possibility.
Maybe the best we can do w/o travel (which is the mind...) is to watch Al Jazeera news. If we're stuck to CNN or Fox, then DEFINITELY we see through a very limited American worldview. Often, depending on what you read, it's a wonderful and wordly worldview, but it is often narrow and limited and solipsistic.
Yes, the rest of the world can be the same. That's the point. It's good to have eyes on both sides of one's head to look both ways in this world. Otherwise you can be blindsided...
Of course in the "whole sight or all else is desolation" department ('Daniel Martin' by John Fowles), the Vorld Iz Von! But back here on the conventional, human, slightly misaligned but often adorable plane (Bob Thurman, dharma hero and father of Uma: 'don't deprecate the conventional!'), the world is complex, disjointed, multi-facetd, fascinating and not exactly Oneness personified.
That state of mind is for the mystics among us.
Actually, mystics, misfits and missionaries -- that's who they say live for long periods away from their natal culture...
Or some combination of the three, I suppose... ;-)
Wednesday, December 9, 2009
Leah's Hannah Montana Diary after a KFC Meal
this morning, on a chilly wednesday, that's the word from the eastern front here in budhanilkantha, where winter has set in. i've graduated, too. now i'm wearing long grey gym pants out to the morning bus stop with leah instead of my usual revealing, decorative boxers.